Capecitabine is an oral chemotherapy medication primarily used to treat various types of cancer, including colorectal and breast cancers. It is a prodrug that is converted into the active form, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in the body, exerting its anticancer effects by inhibiting DNA synthesis and disrupting RNA function in rapidly dividing cells. Capecitabine is often utilized in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to enhance efficacy. Its oral administration offers a convenient alternative to intravenous therapies, improving patient adherence. While generally well-tolerated, capecitabine can cause side effects such as hand-foot syndrome, nausea, and myelosuppression.